【笔记】【Maya工具】Python For Maya（Cmds）（四）Controller Library & LightManager

一、Controller Library

1.1 Qt Environment

使用QT创建controller lib

和Maya cmdsUi相比，更推荐使用qt

CMDS是为MEL设计的，UI函数只有qt的一小部分

直接(mayapy -m )pip install Qt.py

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import Qt
win = Qt.QtWidgets.QDialog()
win.show()

在maya上这样就直接运行了

但是在正常的python上，根据文档要这样

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import sys
from Qt import QtWidgets

app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
button = QtWidgets.QPushButton("Hello World")
button.show()
app.exec_()

好像是现代maya版本就是Qt管理窗口，所以已经有QtApp了

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from Qt import QtWidgets,QtCore,QtGui
from PySide2 import QtWidgets,QtCore,QtGui
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets,QtCore,QtGui

甚至我只mayapy安装了Qt.py，这三个命令都能用了

1.2 Controller Library

controllerLibrary.py

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from maya import cmds
import os
import json
import pprint

USERAPPDIR = cmds.internalVar(userAppDir = True)
print(USERAPPDIR)
DIRECTORY = os.path.join(USERAPPDIR,'controllerLibrary')

def createDirectory(directory = DIRECTORY):
    """
    Creates the given directory
    Args:
        directory(str):The directory to create
    """
    if not os.path.exists(directory):
        os.mkdir(directory)
        
class ControllerLibrary(dict):# stm继承了个字典……
    def save(self, name, directory = DIRECTORY,screenshot = True, **info):
        createDirectory(directory)# 不存在路径则创建文件夹路径

        path = os.path.join(directory,"{}.ma".format(name))
        infoFile = os.path.join(directory,'{}.json'.format(name))# 保存数据

        # ========保存文件========
        cmds.file(rename = path)
        
        if cmds.ls(selection = True):# 有选择则只保存选择
            cmds.file(force = True, type = 'mayaAscii', exportSelected = True)
        else:# 无选择则全部保存
            cmds.file(save = True, type = 'mayaAscii', force = True)
        
        # ========保存屏幕快照========
        
        if screenshot:
            info['screenshot'] = self.saveScreenShot(name,directory = directory)
        
        
        # ========输出json========
        info['name'] = name
        info['path'] = path
        with open(infoFile, 'w') as f:
            json.dump(info, f, indent = 4)# 把输入的info储存为json
        self[name] = info
        
    def find(self, directory = DIRECTORY):
        
        self.clear()
        print('1',directory)
        if not os.path.exists(directory):
            return
        files = os.listdir(directory)# 当前路径下所有文件
        mayaFiles = [f for f in files if f.endswith('.ma')]
        print(files)
        for ma in mayaFiles:
            name,ext = os.path.splitext(ma)# 分离文件名和扩展名
            path = os.path.join(directory,ma)
            
            infoFile = '{}'.format(name)
            if infoFile in files:
                infoFile = os.path.join(directory, infoFile)
            
                with open(infoFile, 'r') as f:
                    info = json.load(f)
            else:
                print('No info file found')
                info = {}
                
            screenshot = '{}.jpg'.format(name)
            if screenshot in files:
                info['screenshot'] = os.path.join(directory,name)
            info['name'] = name
            info['path'] = path
            self[name] = info
        pprint.pprint(self)
        
    def load(self, name):
        path = self[name]['path']
        cmds.file(path, i = True, usingNamespace = False)
        
    def saveScreenShot(self, name, directory = DIRECTORY):
        path = os.path.join(directory, '{}.jpg'.format(name))
        cmds.viewFit()
        cmds.setAttr('defaultRenderGlobals.imageFormat', 8)# jpeg
        #cmds.setAttr("defaultArnoldDriver.aiTranslator",'png',type = "string") 阿诺德渲染器
        
        cmds.playblast(completeFilename = path, forceOverwrite = True, format = 'image', width = 200, height = 200, showOrnaments = False, startTime = 1, endTime = 1, viewer = False)
        return path

https://blog.csdn.net/tian0000hai/article/details/116952413阿诺德渲染器的渲染输出设置

libraryUI.py

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from maya import cmds
from PySide2 import QtWidgets, QtCore, QtGui
import conLibrary.controllerLibrary as controllerLibrary
import pprint

import importlib
importlib.reload(controllerLibrary)

class ControllerLibraryUI(QtWidgets.QDialog):
    """
    The ControllerLibraryUI is a dialog that lets us save and import controllers
    """
    
    def __init__(self):
        #super(ControllerLibraryUI, self).__init__()
        super().__init__()
        #super是一个，用于调用父类方法，用于多继承，而这里是为了不用考虑继承的父类是什么
        #QtWidgets.QDialog.__init__(self)因为是单继承，和这个相等
        self.setWindowTitle('Controller LibraryUI')
        self.library = controllerLibrary.ControllerLibrary()
        
        self.buildUI()
        self.populate()
        
    def buildUI(self):
        """
        This method builds out the UI
        """
        print('bulding UI')
        # 整体行分布
        layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self)
        
        # 行分布中的一行，提供纵向分布，编辑栏view
        saveWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget()
        saveLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(saveWidget)
        layout.addWidget(saveWidget)
        
        # 行内组件
        self.saveNameField = QtWidgets.QLineEdit()
        saveLayout.addWidget(self.saveNameField)
        
        # 行内组件
        saveBtn = QtWidgets.QPushButton('Save')
        saveBtn.clicked.connect(self.save)
        saveLayout.addWidget(saveBtn)
        
        # 新的一行，缩略图view
        size = 64
        buffer = 12
        # create a grid list Widget to display our controller thumbnails
        self.listWidget = QtWidgets.QListWidget()
        self.listWidget.setViewMode(QtWidgets.QListWidget.IconMode)
        self.listWidget.setIconSize(QtCore.QSize(size,size))
        self.listWidget.setResizeMode(QtWidgets.QListWidget.Adjust)
        self.listWidget.setGridSize(QtCore.QSize(size+buffer,size+buffer))
        layout.addWidget(self.listWidget)
        
        # 新的一行button view
        btnWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget()
        btnLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(btnWidget)
        layout.addWidget(btnWidget)
        
        # button view组件
        importBtn = QtWidgets.QPushButton('Import')
        importBtn.clicked.connect(self.load)
        btnLayout.addWidget(importBtn)
        
        refreshBtn = QtWidgets.QPushButton('Refresh')
        refreshBtn.clicked.connect(self.populate)#注意只提供方法名，没有括号，括号代表调用
        btnLayout.addWidget(refreshBtn)
        
        closeBtn = QtWidgets.QPushButton('Close')
        closeBtn.clicked.connect(self.close)# self.close继承于QDialog
        btnLayout.addWidget(closeBtn)
        
        
    def populate(self):
        """This clears the listWidget and then repopulates it with the content of our library"""
        self.listWidget.clear()
        
        print("populating")
        self.library.find()
        
        for name, info in self.library.items():
            item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem(name)
            self.listWidget.addItem(item)
            
            screenshot = info.get('screenshot')
            if screenshot:
                icon = QtGui.QIcon(screenshot)
                item.setIcon(icon)
                
            item.setToolTip(pprint.pformat(info))
            
    def load(self):
        """This loads the currently selected controller"""
        currentItem = self.listWidget.currentItem()
        
        if not currentItem:
            return
        name = currentItem.text()
        self.library.load(name)
    def save(self):
        """This saves the controller with the given file name"""
        name = self.saveNameField.text()
        if not name.strip():
            cmds.warning("You must give a name!")
            return
        self.library.save(name)
        self.populate()
        self.saveNameField.setText('')
                
def showUI():
    """
    This shows and returns a handle to the UI
    Returns:
        Qdialog
    """
    ui = ControllerLibraryUI()
    ui.show()
    return ui

二、Light Manager

创建一个场景的灯光管理窗口，并且可以和maya的窗口融合

2.1 PyMel

pymel包含了cmds、openmaya

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import pymel.core as pm
cube = pm.polyCube()
print(cube)
#[nt.Transform('pCube1'), nt.PolyCube('polyCube1')]

哥们试了半天，maya2023只有pymel==1.3.0a1能用

可以看到pyme创建的polyCube是和openmaya一样附带Node的，并且有一个nt来封装

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#cmds.rename(cube[0],'newName')
cube[0].rename('Foo')

image-20220703154445036

pymel返回的对象不像cmds里面直接是string，是有一个nt对象封装（==PyNode class==）的，因此使用rename方法也需要调用这个nt对象内部的方法

这就和OpenMaya是差不多的

  • mayatool使用cmd是很常见的
  • pymel一些情况会很慢，因为它封装了Node对象，不想cmd使用string
  • pymel也不被Audodesk直接支持，官方文档里也写了这一点

2.2 UI and Partial funcitons

lightingManager.py

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from Qt import QtWidgets,QtCore,QtGui
import pymel.core as pm
from functools import partial
import Qt
import logging
from maya import OpenMayaUI as omui

logging.basicConfig()
logger = logging.getLogger('LightingManager')
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

if Qt.__binding__ == 'PySide':
    logger.debug('Using Pyside with shiboken')
    from shiboken import warpInstance
    from Qt.QtCore import Signal
elif Qt.__binding__.startswith('PyQt'):
    logger.debug('Using PyQt with sip')
    from sip import warpInstance as warpInstance
    from Qt.QtCore import pyqtSignal as Signal
else:
    logger.debug('Using PySide2 with shiboken')
    import shiboken2
    from Qt.QtCore import Signal
    

def getMayaMainWindow():
    win = omui.MQtUtil_mainWindow()
    ptr = shiboken2.wrapInstance(int(win),QtWidgets.QMainWindow)# long是python2
    # 并且 shiboken2有改动，不能直接import warpInstance
    return ptr


def getDock(name = 'LightingManagerDock'):
    deleteDock(name)
    ctrl = pm.workspaceControl(name, dockToMainWindow = ('right',1), label = "LightingManager")
    qtCtrl = omui.MQtUtil_findControl(ctrl)
    ptr = shiboken2.wrapInstance(int(qtCtrl),QtWidgets.QWidget)
    return ptr

def deleteDock(name = 'LightingManagerDock'):
    if pm.workspaceControl(name, query = True, exists = True):
        pm.deleteUI(name)
    
class LightManager(QtWidgets.QWidget):# QtWidgets.QDialog
    
    lightTypes = {
        "Point Light": pm.pointLight,
        "Spot Light": pm.spotLight,
        "Directional Light": pm.directionalLight,
        "Area Light": partial(pm.shadingNode, 'areaLight', asLight = True),
        "Volume Light": partial(pm.shadingNode, 'volumeLight', asLight = True)
        }
    
    def __init__(self, dock = True):
        # 
        if dock:
            parent = getDock()
        else:
            deleteDock()
            try:
                pm.deleteUI('LightingManager')
            except:
                logger.debug("No previous LightManagerUI exists")
                
            #parent = getMayaMainWindow()
            parent = QtWidgets.QDialog(parent = getMayaMainWindow())
            
            parent.setObjectName('lightingManager')
            parent.setWindowTitle('Lighting Manager')
            layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(parent)
        
        super().__init__(parent = parent)# 把这个窗口的父节点设为maya窗口
        #self.setWindowTitle('Lighting Manager')
        self.buildUI()
        self.populate()
        
        self.parent().layout().addWidget(self)
        
        if not dock:
            parent.show()
    def populate(self):
        while self.scrollLayout.count():
            widget = self.scrollLayout.takeAt(0).widget()
            if widget:
                widget.setVisible(False)
                widget.deleteLater()
        for light in pm.ls(type=['areaLight','spotLight','pointLight','directionalLight','volumeLight']):
            self.addLight(light)
            
    def buildUI(self):
        layout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self)
        
        self.lightTypeCB = QtWidgets.QComboBox()# 下拉菜单
        for lightType in sorted(self.lightTypes):
            self.lightTypeCB.addItem(lightType)
        layout.addWidget(self.lightTypeCB, 0,0)
        
        
        createBtn = QtWidgets.QPushButton('Create')
        createBtn.clicked.connect(self.createLight)
        layout.addWidget(createBtn, 0,1)
        
        scrollWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget()
        scrollWidget.setSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Maximum,QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Maximum)
        self.scrollLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(scrollWidget)
        
        scrollArea = QtWidgets.QScrollArea()
        scrollArea.setWidgetResizable(True)
        scrollArea.setWidget(scrollWidget)
        layout.addWidget(scrollArea,1,0,1,2)# 位于layout第二行第一列，占据1行2列
        
        
        refreshBtn = QtWidgets.QPushButton('Refresh')
        refreshBtn.clicked.connect(self.populate)
        layout.addWidget(refreshBtn, 2,1)
        
    def createLight(self):
        lightType = self.lightTypeCB.currentText()
        func = self.lightTypes[lightType]
        
        light = func()
        self.addLight(light)
        
        
    def addLight(self, light):
        widget = LightWidget(light)
        self.scrollLayout.addWidget(widget)
        widget.onSolo.connect(self.onSolo)
        
    def onSolo(self, value):
        lightWidgets = self.findChildren(LightWidget)
        for widget in lightWidgets:
            if widget != self.sender():
                widget.disableLight(value)
        
        
class LightWidget(QtWidgets.QWidget):
    
    onSolo = Signal(bool)#QtCore.pyqtSignal 使用pyqt；QtCore.Singal使用pyside2
    # 在我们后面的定义中，对不同版本的Qt进行了判断，可以统一使用
    def __init__(self, light):
        super().__init__()
        
        if isinstance(light, str):
            light = pm.PyNode(light)
        self.light = light
        self.buildUI()

            
    def buildUI(self):
        layout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self)
        
        # 可见性选择框
        self.name = QtWidgets.QCheckBox(str(self.light.getTransform()))
        self.name.setChecked(self.light.visibility.get())
        self.name.toggled.connect(lambda val: self.light.getTransform().visibility.set(val))
        #def setLightVisibility(val):
        #    self.light.visibility.set(val)
        # self.light 只表示shapeNode,因此需要在transofrm上设置可见项
        layout.addWidget(self.name, 0,0)
        
        
        # Solo按钮
        soloBtn = QtWidgets.QPushButton('Solo')
        soloBtn.setCheckable(True)
        soloBtn.toggled.connect(lambda val: self.onSolo.emit(val))
        
        layout.addWidget(soloBtn, 0,1)
    
        # 删除按钮
        deleteBtn = QtWidgets.QPushButton('X')
        deleteBtn.clicked.connect(self.deleteLight)
        deleteBtn.setMaximumWidth(10)
        layout.addWidget(deleteBtn,0,2)
        
        #灯光强度
        intensity = QtWidgets.QSlider(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
        intensity.setMinimum(1)
        intensity.setMaximum(1000)
        intensity.setValue(self.light.intensity.get())
        intensity.valueChanged.connect(lambda val:self.light.intensity.set(val))
        layout.addWidget(intensity, 1,0,1,2)
        
        #
        self.colorBtn = QtWidgets.QPushButton()
        self.colorBtn.setMaximumWidth(20)
        self.colorBtn.setMaximumHeight(20)
        self.setButtonColor()
        self.colorBtn.clicked.connect(self.setColor)
        layout.addWidget(self.colorBtn, 1, 2)
        
    def setButtonColor(self,color = None):
        if not color:
            color = self.light.color.get()
        assert len(color) == 3, "You must provide a list of 3 Color"
        
        r,g,b = [c*255 for c in color]
        self.colorBtn.setStyleSheet('background-color: rgba({},{},{},1.0)'.format(r,g,b))
        
        
    def setColor(self):
        lightColor = self.light.color.get()
        color = pm.colorEditor(rgbValue = lightColor)
        #print(color) maya编辑器给返回的是个字符串
        r,g,b,a = [float(c) for c in color.split()]
        color = (r,g,b)
        # 改变灯光颜色
        self.light.color.set(color)
        # 改变UI上的颜色
        self.setButtonColor(color)
        
    def disableLight(self,value):
        self.name.setChecked(not value)
    
    def deleteLight(self):
        # 删除UI
        self.setParent(None)
        self.setVisible(False)
        self.deleteLater()
        
        # 删除灯光
        pm.delete(self.light.getTransform())
    
def showUI():
    ui = LightManager()
    ui.show()
    return ui

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import lightingManager
import importlib
importlib.reload(lightingManager)

ui = lightingManager.LightManager().show()

image-20220703181152950

将窗口设为maya窗口的子窗口后，窗口和maya工作区成为一个整体，在maya工作区工作不会让组件窗口消失了，在任务栏也不会看到额外的maya窗口

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import lightingManager
import importlib
importlib.reload(lightingManager)

#ui = lightingManager.LightManager().show()
#lightingManager.LightManager().show()
lightingManager.getDock()

image-20220703181632027

2.3 Handle error

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#raise "message"#raise会停止后面的语句

def do():
    raise RuntimeError()
print("hello")
#用try except来处理，当出现错误又不希望程序停止时
try:
    do()
except:
    print("There was an Error")
print("Goodbye")

#Hello
#There was an Error
#Goodbye
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try:
    raise RuntimeError()#IOError(),Exception()
except RuntimeError as e:
    print("RuntimeError")
except:#else也可以用
    print("other error")
    
try:
    print("Running")
except RuntimeError as e:
    print("RuntimeError")
else:
    print("no error")
finally:
    print("done")
#Running
#no error
#done
#执行try后，else一定会被执行(except 可以看作一种if)

2.4 Exporting and Importing Our Lights

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saveBtn = QtWidgets.QPushButton('Save')
saveBtn.clicked.connect(self.saveLights)
layout.addWidget(saveBtn,2,0)


def saveLights(self):
    properties = {}
    for lightWidget in self.findChildren(LightWidget):
        light = lightWidget.light
        transform = light.getTransform()

        properties[str(transform)] = {
            "translate": list(transform.translate.get()),
            "rotation": list(transform.rotate.get()),
            "lightType": pm.objectType(light),
            "intensity": light.intensity.get(),
            "color": light.color.get()
        }
    directory = os.path.join(pm.internalVar(userAppDir = True),'lightManager')
    if not os.path.exists(directory):
        os.mkdir(directory)
    lightFile = os.path.join(directory,'lightFile_{}.json'.format(time.strftime('%m%d')))
    with open(lightFile, 'w') as f:
        json.dump(properties, f, indent = 4)
    logger.info("Saving file to {}".format(lightFile))
        

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importBtn = QtWidgets.QPushButton('Import')
importBtn.clicked.connect(self.importLights)
layout.addWidget(importBtn,2,1)
def importLights(self):
    directory = self.getDirectory()
    fileName = QtWidgets.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, "Light Browser", directory)
    #print(fileName)#('C:/Users/XZYW/文档/maya/lightManager/lightFile_0703.json', '所有文件 (*)')
    with open(fileName[0], 'r') as f:
        properties = json.load(f)
        
    for light, info in properties.items():
        lightType = info.get('lightType')
        for lt in self.lightTypes:
            if "{}Light".format(lt.split()[0].lower()) == lightType:
                break
        else:
            logger.info("Cannot find a corresponding lightType for {} ({})".format(light, lightType))
            continue
        light = self.createLight(lightType = lt)
        light.intensity.set(info.get('intensity'))
        light.color.set(info.get('color'))
        transform = light.getTransform()
        transform.translate.set(info.get('translate'))
        transform.rotate.set(info.get('rotation'))
        
    self.populate()
        
def createLight(self, lightType = None, add = True):
    if not lightType:
        lightType = self.lightTypeCB.currentText()
    func = self.lightTypes[lightType]
    
    light = func()
    if add:
        self.addLight(light)
    
    return light

三、补充

3.1 命令行 文件重命名

cliRenamer.py

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import argparse
import re
import os
import shutil

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description = "This is a batch renamer", usage = "To replace all files with hello with goodbye instead: python clirenamer.py hello goodbye")
    parser.add_argument('inString', help = "The world to replace")
    parser.add_argument('outString', help = "The world to replace it with")
    
    parser.add_argument('-d', '--duplicate', help = "Whether to duplicate or replace in spot", action = 'store_true')#默认为False
    parser.add_argument('r', '--regex',
                       help = "Whether the patterns are regex or not",
                       action = "store_true")
    parser.add_argument('o', '--out',
                       help = "The output location. Defaults to here")
    args = parser.parser_args()
    
    print(args)
	rename(args.inString,args.outString, duplicate = args.duplicate,
          outDirectory = args.out, regex = args.regex)
    
def rename(inString, outString, duplicate = True, inDirectory = None,
           outDirectory = None, regex = False):
    if not inDirectory:
        inDirectory = os.getcwd()
    if not outDirectory:
        outDIrectory = inDirectory
    outDirectory = os.path.abspath(outDirectory)
    
    if not os.path.exists(outDirectory):
        raise IOError('{} does not exist'.format(outDirectory))
    if not os.path.exists(inDirectory):
        raise IOError('{} does not exist'.format(inDirectory))
    for f in os.listdir(inDirectory):
        if .startwith('.'):#linux,mac中.开头表示隐藏文件
            continue
         
        if regex:
            name = re.sub(inString, outString, f)
        else:
        	name = f.replace(inString, outString)
        
        print(name)
        if name == f:
            continue
            
        src = os.path.join(inDirectory, f)
        dest = os.path.join(outDirectory, name)
        
        if duplicate:
            shutil.copy2(src, dest)
        else:
            os.rename(src, dest)
        
if __name__ == '__main__':z
    main()#分离命名空间，只有当这个文件命名空间是main的时候才运行

3.2 sys模块

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import sys
import subprocess#子进程
subprocess.call(['python', '../cliRenamer.py', '-h'])